An improved delayed detached eddy simulation (IDDES) is carried out to investigate both the mean and the instantaneous flow characteristics of Conical cavities fixed on a cone surface in a Mach 0. 9 freestream. Two model categories, a single Cavity model with different length (L) to depth (D) ratio and a multi-Cavity model that inserted the separation disk into a single Cavity are studied. Results indicate that in case of a single Cavity model, the Cavity L/D ratio is the key parameter that influences mean flow structure and oscillatory characteristics. The bulk reverse flow structure can be broken up into smaller structures as L/D value reduces from 4. 0 to 0. 51 inside the Cavity. Smaller longitudinal pressure gradients on the Cavity wall and the thicker downstream boundary layer are observed when larger L/D values are present. The cavities with smaller L/D values can stimulate the pressure oscillation fundamental frequency as well as the acoustic tones to increase the value. Multi-Cavity configurations through insertion of a separation disk into the single Cavity are helpful in cutting the large reverse flow structure inside a Cavity into a smaller, similar, coherent structure, and to reduce the overall cone drag. The insertion of the separation disk can modulate pressure oscillation peaks and sound pressure levels to higher frequency, however, they are not able to reduce the overall sound pressure inside the Cavity. Pressure oscillations within each Cavity of the multi-Cavity configuration have a weak correlation.

Metallocavitands are coordination compounds based on rigidified molecular cavities which possess at least one entry. Those in which the metal centre is rigidly held above the entrance are particularly promising for the study of host-guest interactions between metal-bonded substrates and the internal part of a Cavity. Such systems also open the way to highly selective intra-Cavity reactions. The present review focusses on Conical cavities derived from calixarenes and cyclodextrins and examines their possible use as second coordination sphere ligands.

this article presents the coupled thermoelasticity of a truncated functionally graded Conical shell under thermal shock load. The classical coupled thermoelasticity theory is employed to set the partial differential equations of motion of the Conical shell. The shell governing equations are based on the fi, rst-order shear deformation shell theory that accounts for the transverse shear strains and rotations. The solution is obtained by transforming the governing equations into the Laplace domain and using the Galerkin fi, nite element method in the Laplace domain to calculate the displacement components. The physical displacement components in real time domain are obtained by the numerical inversion of the Laplace transform. Temperature distribution is assumed to be linear across the shell thickness. Radial displacement, axial stress, axial force, and temperature versus time are calculated and the effect of relaxation time and power law index are examined. Comparison indicates that an increase in the radial vibration amplitude and a decrease of vibration frequency occur when changing the material from ceramic to metal. The results are validated with the known data in the literature.

A finite element analysis is presented for sloshing and impulsive motion of liquid-filled Conical tanks during lateral anti-symmetric excitation. The performed analyses led to the development of a number of charts which can be used to identify the natural frequency, the mode shapes of Conical tanks for both fundamental and the cos (q) -modes of vibration. Conical tank geometry was described with several parameters namely, bottom radius (Rb) total height of liquid (h), angle of inclination of the tanks (qi), as variables. Numerical result of the free vibration was obtained for the cases of Conical tanks with qi=0 and compared with existing experiments and other predicated results, showing a good agreement between the experiment and numerical results.

Modal signals of transverse sensing of truncated Conical shells with simply supported boundary condition at both ends are investigated. The embedded piezoelectric layer on the surface of Conical shell is used as sensors and output voltages of them in considered modes are calculated. The Governing sensing signal displacement equations are derived based on the Kirchhoff theory, thin-shell assumption, piezoelectric direct effect, the Gauss theory and the open circuit assumption. A Conical shell with fully covered piezoelectric layer is considered as a case study and the layer is segmented into 400 patches. Modal voltages of the considered model are calculated and evaluated. The ideal locations for sensor patches are in the middle of Conical shell surface in the longitudinal direction and locations near the ends of the Conical shell are not recommended. The longitudinal membrane strain signal has a leading role on the total signal in comparison with other strain signal components. The output signals of the sensor can be used as a controller input for later active vibration control or structural health monitoring.

Conical machines with a unique Conical rotor and stator design have several advantages over electrical machines with traditional designs. The Conical shape allows for greater torque and efficiency, which makes these machines ideal for use in heavy machinery and industrial equipment. Besides, their compactness in comparison with traditional machines makes them easier to integrate into manufacturing processes.  Furthermore, since magnetic gears (MGs) have provided a solution to overcoming mechanical challenges and disadvantages of mechanical gears, their development has become a hot research topic in the last few years. Due to asymmetric geometry and special flux paths, the analysis should be modeled in 3-D finite element tools. In this paper, a hybrid structure, named Conical MG, is introduced in order to benefit simultaneously from the advantages of radial flux and axial flux structures of MG. This topology can provide more contact surface of permanent magnets (PMs) and, thus, increase the torque density, with a proper design and the optimization of dimensions. The proper shaping of the PMs and providing the correct structure of MG can lead to a high impact on the output characteristics of the system. This design improves the transmission torque by forming the magnetic fields in air gaps. To compare the proposed topology, the optimal design of the model is compared with the conventional radial flux structure using the genetic algorithm and 3-D finite element method to obtain maximum torque density. The results are compared and the superiority of the proposed model is proved.